En estos tiempos ya no se puede pensar en el crecimiento a secas. Necesitamos un crecimiento con apellidos. Crecimiento que no solo sume producción, sino que mejore el bienestar, fortalezca la competitividad y reduzca la presión sobre los recursos naturales. Uno de esos apellidos—probablemente el más decisivo para las próximas décadas—es el crecimiento verde. Y la nueva Ley General de Economía Circular es una de las primeras expresiones concretas de ese cambio de paradigma.En estos tiempos ya no se puede pensar en el crecimiento a secas. Necesitamos un crecimiento con apellidos. Crecimiento que no solo sume producción, sino que mejore el bienestar, fortalezca la competitividad y reduzca la presión sobre los recursos naturales. Uno de esos apellidos—probablemente el más decisivo para las próximas décadas—es el crecimiento verde. Y la nueva Ley General de Economía Circular es una de las primeras expresiones concretas de ese cambio de paradigma.

Ley de Economía Circular: crecimiento con apellidos

2025/11/28 14:36

En estos tiempos ya no se puede pensar en el crecimiento a secas. Necesitamos un crecimiento con apellidos. Crecimiento que no solo sume producción, sino que mejore el bienestar, fortalezca la competitividad y reduzca la presión sobre los recursos naturales. Uno de esos apellidos—probablemente el más decisivo para las próximas décadas—es el crecimiento verde. Y la nueva Ley General de Economía Circular es una de las primeras expresiones concretas de ese cambio de paradigma.

Lo que distingue a esta iniciativa es que no se plantea como una imposición rígida desde el gobierno ni como una lista de prohibiciones generales. Al contrario: propone un marco flexible, gradual y construido sector por sector, donde empresas, cámaras y organismos coordinadores participan directamente en el diseño de sus propias reglas, sus tiempos y sus niveles de ambición. No es un catálogo de mandatos, sino una arquitectura de acuerdos.

El diseño reconoce algo que suele olvidarse: no todas las empresas están en la misma posición para adaptarse. Una multinacional con departamentos de innovación y cadenas globales de suministro no enfrenta los mismos retos que una pequeña empresa familiar con recursos limitados. La ley toma en serio esta diferencia: al definir gradualidades y compromisos, exige evaluar explícitamente los efectos en las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas. Es decir, circularidad sí, pero sin convertirla en un obstáculo para quienes tienen menos margen de maniobra.

Este enfoque dialoga con un problema estructural más amplio. El modelo productivo de México ha sido, durante décadas, marcadamente lineal: extraer, producir, consumir y desechar. Es un modelo costoso, que desperdicia materiales valiosos y genera presiones crecientes sobre el medio ambiente. La economía circular propone otra lógica: mantener los materiales en uso, favorecer la reparación, la reutilización, la remanufactura, el reciclaje y la valorización. En términos simples, hacer más con menos.

La ley da pasos importantes en esa dirección. Introduce la Responsabilidad Extendida del Productor, que obliga a considerar el ciclo de vida completo de los productos, pero deja que cada sector defina cómo lo hará y en qué tiempos. Crea un Sistema Nacional de Economía Circular para coordinar políticas públicas, una Plataforma Nacional de Información para medir avances y un Registro de Gestión Circular para dar trazabilidad a los compromisos. La circularidad requiere datos, no discursos.

También incorpora un elemento clave para que la transición sea viable: incentivos económicos. Innovar en reparación, reciclaje tecnológico o valorización de residuos no solo tiene beneficios ambientales; puede reducir costos y fortalecer la resiliencia de las cadenas de suministro. Y en un mundo crecientemente presionado por la volatilidad, la resiliencia productiva importa tanto como la eficiencia.

Hay además un componente social que no debe pasarse por alto. Una parte importante del reciclaje en México ocurre en la informalidad, en condiciones precarias y sin reconocimiento económico. Un marco de circularidad bien diseñado puede dar visibilidad a esas cadenas, integrarlas gradualmente y abrir espacios para mejorar ingresos y condiciones de trabajo. No es solo una política ambiental: es una oportunidad de inclusión económica.

La transición no será sencilla. Ningún cambio estructural lo es. Pero mantener la inercia también tiene un costo: más residuos, más dependencia de insumos importados, más presión sobre recursos ya agotados. La Ley de Economía Circular no resuelve todo, pero sí inaugura una forma distinta de abordar el desarrollo productivo: mediante acuerdos, gradualidad, corresponsabilidad y adaptación sectorial.

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