La producción de alimentos es vital para la calidad de vida, pero los productores expresan que hay diversos retos como la falta de talento.La producción de alimentos es vital para la calidad de vida, pero los productores expresan que hay diversos retos como la falta de talento.

Empresarios agrícolas que no se rinden: Historias y retos que suceden en el campo

¿Qué se puede hacer cuándo tu trabajo depende del clima? Bernarda Mauricio, productora de jitomates mazahuas, sabe que las heladas y las intensas lluvias son una mala señal para los cultivos. A pesar de que el clima frío arruinó sus plantas en más de una ocasión, nunca se rindió. 

“Levantamos invernaderos, quisimos sembrar jitomate. En noviembre empezó a caer la helada y se lo llevó todo. Después volvimos a germinar plantas en marzo y nos cae una helada también”.

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A pesar de que sus compañeros le decían que no iba a cosechar nada, no se dió por vencida. Actualmente forma parte del programa Pequeño productor, un programa de Walmart que ayuda a agricultores mexicanos a formar parte de sus proveedores.

Pero, este no es el único caso, porque el programa ha beneficiado a 1,800 comunidades, debido a que los habitantes han sido capacitados con prácticas de agricultura generativa en más de 70,000 hectáreas.

A pesar de los apoyos hacia los empresarios del sector agrícola, los trabajadores del campo expresan que se necesita de mayor difusión sobre la aportación que tienen en la economía. “En el campo se sufre mucho, hay cosas buenas, pero también malas. Es un reto enorme trabajar la tierra que amamos sin dañarla”, comenta Emiliano Rodríguez, productor citrícola de Tamaulipas.

Durante el panel “Del campo a tu casa: historias que inspiran”, los productores relataron sus experiencias.

Inmigración y fuga de talento joven

La poca paga que tienen los agricultores y la falta de crecimiento profesional y económico los orilla a buscar otras oportunidades, ya sea en la ciudad más cercana o migrar a Estados Unidos, lo que provoca una disminución de participación en el campo.

Esto pasó con la familia de Ricardo Ortega, presidente de la organización María de la Asunción, en el que sus hermanos y sus padres migraron hacia el sueño americano, pero tras 12 años de estancia, siempre se mantuvo la nostalgia y las ganas por regresar a México.

Hasta que un día, su madre lo convenció de regresar, pero ¿cómo iban a generar ingresos? Dicha inquietud de Ricardo fue calmada por ella quien le dijo que podrían poner un negocio y comenzaron a cultivar jitomate.

Sin embargo, hubo tres años de pérdida y la situación no mejoraba, hasta que ingresaron al programa de Pequeño productor, en el que actualmente siguen activos.

Por otra parte, la falta de talento joven se ha convertido en una situación complicada, ya que las nuevas generaciones no ven viable quedarse en el campo, por lo que optan por irse a las grandes ciudades en busca de mejores oportunidades.

Para erradicar esto, Eloy Castañon, presidente de la Unión de productores de hortalizas de Matamoros, Coahuila y Anayensi Muñoz, productora de aguacate, han inculcado a sus hijos el gusto por los cultivos.

“Mi hijo tiene 24 años y anda conmigo en la parcela. Los hijos son los que se van a quedar y por eso hay que inculcarles a ellos que en el campo mexicano sí hay opciones buenas, si hay futuro”, comenta Eloy Castañón.

El reto de las mujeres en liderar un grupo

Sara Martínez, productora de limón en Oaxaca, lidera un grupo conformado únicamente por hombres. A pesar de que el camino no fue fácil, comenta que el machismo sigue presente en este sector.

“Soy la única mujer en el grupo, todos son hombres. Empezamos en el 2015. La verdad fue muy difícil y no logramos encontrar un comprador. Fue súper difícil y en el camino algunos se desanimaron y se salieron del grupo”.

Actualmente se encuentra dentro del programa de Walmart, en el que ha recibido capacitación sobre cómo manejar mejor el campo y también el tema administrativo, gracias a esto, se benefician entre 50 a 60 familias de su comunidad.

Asimismo, Anayensi Muñoz comenta que se dedica al campo, mientras que su esposo se encarga de la parte administrativa. Su participación en el negocio ha generado un cambio, ya que anteriormente se producían cuatro toneladas de aguacate al año y ahora llegan a las 16 toneladas anuales.

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