PANews reported on October 23rd that at the 2025 Shanghai International Blockchain Week and the 11th Blockchain Global Summit, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin stated in his speech that blockchain and cryptography technologies have made tremendous progress over the past decade, moving from early exploration to a new stage of "scalability, developer-friendliness, and low-cost." He noted that the rapid development of zero-knowledge proofs (ZK) and homomorphic encryption (FHE) has made real-time verification of Ethereum's L1 blocks a reality, and that blockchain is becoming more efficient, decentralized, and privacy-enhancing. Vitalik emphasized that cryptography is moving from "theoretical" to "universal availability." He stated that over the next five to ten years, the cost of technologies like ZK, FHE, and L2 will be close to zero, becoming integrated into all applications, just like signatures and encryption. He also proposed a new security philosophy: "Not your silicon, not your private key," emphasizing the importance of hardware trustworthiness and privacy protection. He encouraged developers to actively participate in the development of the ZK and blockchain ecosystems, from entrepreneurship and underlying R&D to application practice, to jointly promote the formation of the next generation of decentralized infrastructure.PANews reported on October 23rd that at the 2025 Shanghai International Blockchain Week and the 11th Blockchain Global Summit, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin stated in his speech that blockchain and cryptography technologies have made tremendous progress over the past decade, moving from early exploration to a new stage of "scalability, developer-friendliness, and low-cost." He noted that the rapid development of zero-knowledge proofs (ZK) and homomorphic encryption (FHE) has made real-time verification of Ethereum's L1 blocks a reality, and that blockchain is becoming more efficient, decentralized, and privacy-enhancing. Vitalik emphasized that cryptography is moving from "theoretical" to "universal availability." He stated that over the next five to ten years, the cost of technologies like ZK, FHE, and L2 will be close to zero, becoming integrated into all applications, just like signatures and encryption. He also proposed a new security philosophy: "Not your silicon, not your private key," emphasizing the importance of hardware trustworthiness and privacy protection. He encouraged developers to actively participate in the development of the ZK and blockchain ecosystems, from entrepreneurship and underlying R&D to application practice, to jointly promote the formation of the next generation of decentralized infrastructure.